Causes and effects of population decline in the Netherlands
When people move away from villages, jobs, schools, shops and other facilities also disappear. The Dutch government needs to tackle the causes and effects of population decline, for instance by cutting down on the number of new homes being built.
Causes of population decline
The size and demographics of the population change when:
- fewer children are born;
- families with children move to larger towns and cities;
- young and better-educated people move to larger towns and cities.
Current and projected population decline
The areas with the highest rates of population decline are Zeeland Flanders, southern Limburg and northern and eastern Groningen. Here, the population is projected to fall by 16% by 2040.
In certain other parts of the country, population decline is anticipated but has not yet actually started. In these areas, the population is projected to fall by 4% by 2040.
In the rest of the Netherlands, population growth of 11% is forecast over the same period.
Effects of population decline
When young people move to bigger towns and cities, the average age of the population in the place they leave behind automatically goes up. A community with a higher proportion of older inhabitants may be less attractive to businesses, which may additionally have difficulty finding suitable staff locally. Other effects of population decline include:
- fewer schools, due to there being fewer children;
- a drop in house prices because more homes are unoccupied;
- fewer new homes being built;
- less demand for rented accommodation;
- fewer care facilities;
- less turnover for shopkeepers and businesses;
- fewer sports facilities;
- fewer people going to the theatre, cinema or concerts, so these facilities are eventually cut back;
- fewer people travelling by public transport, which thus costlier to run;
- local residents have to travel further to reach the facilities they want.
Provincial and municipal responsibility
The government wants to maintain the liveability of areas where the population is shrinking or where decline is forecast. The provincial and municipal authorities hold primary responsibility for tackling the consequences of population decline and demographic ageing. Their efforts are supported by central government. But the authorities cannot tackle the problem alone. They need to work together with housing associations, care institutions, active members of the community and businesses.
Living with population decline
By working together, local stakeholders and the authorities can develop ways to deal with the effects of population decline. For instance, schools can merge because there are fewer pupils to teach. Sports clubs can share facilities. Local authorities can make agreements with retailers’ associations about concentrating shops in certain areas.
In areas with the highest rates of decline, the proportion of elderly people is higher than elsewhere, increasing pressure on local care services. The challenge is to enable older people to live at home for as long as possible, and to identify what provisions they need in order to do so.
Local authorities can also strive to improve accessibility, for instance by setting up a local minibus service.
Areas of current and projected population decline
The illustration shows areas of current (pink) and projected (orange) population decline.
